Your post is kind of confusing. You have a new phone and don't have a phone to transfer to?? With the phone that died. If that phone was using Verizon Cloud to back up. Then when you activating Verizon Cloud on the new phone, one of the steps would ask, do you want to transfer from old phone to new phone?
If you had nothing backed up with Verizon Cloud on the old phone there would be nothing to restore to the new phone.
When activating Verizon Cloud on the new phone, only what is currently showing on the new phone will be able to be backed up, along with what is added in the future.